Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is a sovereign country in South America, encompassing the eastern half of the continent and several small island groups in the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populated city is São Paulo. It is the third-largest country in the Americas. With an estimated area of over 8,500,000 km², it's the fifth-largest country in the world in total land area (equivalent to 50% of South American territory).

Bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km. To the north, it borders the French overseas department of French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, and Venezuela; to the northwest with Colombia; to the west with Peru and Bolivia; to the southwest with Paraguay and Argentina, and to the south with Uruguay. As such, it borders every country in South America except Ecuador and Chile. Most of the country lies between the Earth's tropics, meaning the climatic seasons aren't drastically felt across much of its territory. The Amazon rainforest covers 3,600,000 km² of its land. Due to its vegetation and climate, it's one of the countries with the most animal species in the world.