It's a bi-continental country with an area of 2,780,400 km². It holds the title of the largest Spanish-speaking country on Earth, ranking second in size in Latin America and eighth globally, considering only its effective sovereign continental landmass. Its continental shelf, recognized by the UN in 2016, spans 6,581,500 km², becoming one of the world's largest. This shelf extends from the American continent to the South Pole in Antarctica, crossing the South Atlantic. When you factor in the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, and several other smaller islands (administered by the United Kingdom, but with disputed sovereignty) plus a portion of the Antarctic region named Argentine Antarctica south of the 60° S parallel, over which Argentina claims sovereignty, the total area amounts to 3,761,274 km². Argentina is among the twenty countries with a permanent presence in Antarctica, and out of them, it has the highest number of permanent bases, with a total of six.

Its land boasts a vast diversity of climates, stemming from a latitudinal range that exceeds 30° —including various geoastronomic zones— a difference in altitude that ranges from 107 m below sea level (Laguna del Carbón) to almost 7,000 m above sea level, and a coastal stretch spanning 4,725 km. Expansive wet plains border vast deserts and towering mountains, while the presence of tropical and subtropical climates in the north starkly contrasts the snowfalls and extreme colds in the mountainous regions and the south.

Its American continental territory, which covers much of the Southern Cone, borders Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Chile to the west, and, remaining in its American section, Chile and the Atlantic waters of the Drake Passage to the south.